sexta-feira, 1 de agosto de 2014

Relatos da Ucrânia - IV

 
 
Vou hoje falar um pouco acerca das sanções à Rússia. Notícias sobre as sanções à Rússia, são amplamente difundidas, mas a resposta a estas nem sempre têm o mesmo tratamento. E penso que é importante termos esta visão.
 
Não é simples aplicar sanções à Rússia. O país tem uma dimensão económica considerável e existe muitas ligações económicas, o que implica que, a haver sanções, haverá prejudicados em ambas as partes, tanto para a Rússia, como para quem aplicas as sanções.
 
Já não é de agora, que a Rússia, tem este tipo de resposta para conflitos económicos, é escolhido algo que tem impacto significativo e actua.
 
Neste caso, é interessante ver quem é o visado. Um país demasiado envolvido nesta questão ucraniana. A Polónia tem sido dos países mais activos e a Rússia quer infligir danos.
 
A questão ucraniana levanta problemas perigosos para a Europa. Uma guerra económica contra um país que é o principal fornecedor energético europeu é perigoso. Vão ser infligidos danos na Rússia? sem dúvidas. Mas a Europa, não escapa incólume. E já alguém reparou no estado da economia europeia nos últimos anos? É um jogo perigoso este que se está a fazer.
 
Deixo agora um artigo que fala sobre a retaliação, visando a Polónia.
 
 
Russia bans Polish fruit and veg amid sanctions war
 
The Russian authorities have introduced a sweeping ban on imports of fruit and vegetables from Poland, depriving it of a major export market.
 
Russia's food hygiene authorities said the imports had unacceptable levels of pesticide residues and nitrates.
 
They earn Poland more than 1bn euros (£795m; $1.3bn) annually. Russia is Poland's biggest market for apples.
 
The move follows EU sanctions against Russia over Ukraine - and Poland has condemned Russian actions there.
 
Poland and some other former communist bloc countries are among the most vocal critics of Russia in the current crisis, accusing Moscow of supplying the separatist rebels in eastern Ukraine with arms and volunteers.
 
The cost to Poland of the import ban is likely to be 0.6% of GDP (national output) by the end of the year, Polish Deputy Prime Minister Janusz Piechocinski was quoted as saying.
 
Agriculture accounts for about 3.8% of Poland's total GDP. Polish growers plan to seek compensation from the EU for the loss of earnings.
 
Poles have been posting images of apples on social media as a way of protesting against Russia.
 
Ukraine exports hit
 
On Thursday Russia announced a ban on more imported Ukrainian food: soy products, cornmeal, sunflowers and fruit juice.
 
Earlier Russia banned Ukrainian dairy produce and canned fish and vegetables. Last year it banned Ukrainian Roshen chocolate, produced by billionaire businessman Petro Poroshenko, who is now Ukraine's president.
 
Previously Russia also imposed such boycotts on Georgia and Moldova - former Soviet republics, like Ukraine, whose pro-Western policies have angered the Kremlin.
 
Russia is an important export market for Georgian and Moldovan wine. Currently Russia is blocking imports of Moldovan fruit. In each case the Russian authorities say they have public health reasons for imposing a ban.
 
In January - before its March annexation of Crimea - Russia also imposed a ban on imports of pigs and pork from the EU.
 
The European Commission says that move was "disproportionate", closing a market worth 25% of total EU pig and pork exports. In 2013 those exports to Russia totalled 1.4bn euros.
 
The EU has complained to the World Trade Organization, accusing Russia of breaking the rules. The Russian ban was based on some cases of African swine fever among wild boars on the EU's borders with Belarus.