Guerras Energéticas: O Preço Do Petróleo Russo III

 

Após a imposição de um preço limite para a aquisição de petróleo russo, temos agora uma resposta. A redução da produção da OPEP+.

Talvez seja bom recordar que Macron em 2022, tentou convencer os sauditas a aumentar a produção para que a Europa não fique tão entalada.

O convite para vir a Paris indignou muita gente, afinal a Europa é tão preocupada com os direitos humanos, mas quando se vê apertada rapidamente se esquece desses "pormenores".

Mas voltemos à redução da OPEP+.

OPEC+ announces surprise oil cuts, while U.S. calls the move inadvisable

Saudi Arabia and other OPEC+ oil producers on Sunday announced further oil output cuts of around 1.16 million barrels per day, in a surprise move that analysts said would cause an immediate rise in prices and the United States called inadvisable.

The pledges bring the total volume of cuts by OPEC+, which groups the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries with Russia and other allies, to 3.66 million bpd according to Reuters calculations, equal to 3.7% of global demand.

Sunday’s development comes a day before a virtual meeting of an OPEC+ ministerial panel, which includes Saudi Arabia and Russia, and which had been expected to stick to 2 million bpd of cuts already in place until the end of 2023.

... Last October, OPEC+ had agreed to an output cut of 2 million bpd from November until the end of the year, a move that angered Washington as tighter supply boosts oil prices...

... The Biden administration said it sees the move announced by the producers on Sunday as unwise.

“We don’t think cuts are advisable at this moment given market uncertainty - and we’ve made that clear,” a spokesperson for the National Security Council said...

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É bom recordar as relações dos sauditas com Putin e Biden:

E que uns dias antes deste anúncio do corte, houve uma visita para afinar o plano:

Saudi Arabia, Russia Stress Commitment to OPEC+ Decision on Oil Output Cuts

Saudi Minister of Energy Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman met in Riyadh on Thursday with Russian Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak who is visiting the Kingdom, the Saudi Press Agency reported.

They discussed global oil markets and the efforts of OPEC+ to promote market stability, SPA said.

They also stressed their countries’ commitment to the decision made by OPEC+ last October to reduce oil production by 2 million b/d until the end of 2023, and continuing Saudi-Russian cooperation within the OPEC+ framework to enhance global oil market stability...

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Só quem não quiser perceber.

No entanto a administração Biden, não gostou da "rebeldia" e fez uma ameaça velada aos sauditas em finais de 2022 sobre estas intenções.

Biden warns there will be 'consequences' for Saudi Arabia after oil production cut

President Joe Biden warned Tuesday that Saudi Arabia would face "consequences" after OPEC+ last week announced the biggest cut in oil production since the start of the pandemic.

"There’s going to be some consequences for what they’ve done with Russia," Biden said of Saudi Arabia in an interview with CNN's Jake Tapper. “I’m not going to get into what I’d consider and what I have in mind. But there will be — there will be consequences.”...

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Mas os tempos são outros. E algo interessante aconteceu. A Arábia Saudita ao sentir-se ameaçada resolveu ponderar as suas opções,  dando um contributo importante para a parceria estratégica China - Rússia, com enormes mudanças geopolíticas.

E como sinalizou a Rússia, que vai dar uma ajuda em relação às ameaças dos EUA? De uma forma muito clara:

Russia Navy frigate Admiral Gorshkov visits Saudi Arabia for first time ever

 

Admiral Gorshkov left Murmansk, Russia, on January 4 and traveled to South Africa, where it conducted naval exercises before heading to Chabahar, Iran, for further military exercises. Last month, Russia announced naval exercises with China and Iran in the Arabian Sea, aiming to strengthen ties with both countries.

The ship also held a training drill in the Indian Ocean, focusing on seeking and destroying submarines using its Ka-27 series helicopter. After completing its mission in the Indian Ocean, the ship sailed to Djibouti and then to Jeddah, marking its historic first visit to Saudi Arabia.

The frigate is equipped with various sensors and processing systems, including air search radars such as the 5P-27 Furke-4 and the 5P-20K "Poliment," surface search radar like the 34K1 "Monolit," and sonar systems such as the Zarya-M and Vinyetka. She also has a combat system known as Sigma-22350.

The ship's armament includes a 130 mm Amethyst/Arsenal A-192M naval gun, 16 (2 × 8) 3S14 VLS cells for Kalibr, Oniks, Zircon anti-ship cruise missiles or Otvet anti-submarine missiles, 32 (4 × 8) 3S14M VLS cells for the same type of missiles, and 32 (4 × 8) Redut VLS cells for surface-to-air missiles like the 9M96, 9M96M, 9M96D/9M96DM(M2), and quad-packed 9M100.

Admiral Gorshkov also has two Palash CIWS systems each with twin Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-6-30 6 barrel 30 mm rotary cannons, 2 × 4 330 mm torpedo tubes for Paket-NK anti-torpedo/anti-submarine torpedoes, and 2 × 14.5 mm MTPU pedestal machine guns. The ship can carry one Ka-27 series helicopter and has a helipad and hangar for it.

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Enviou nada mais nada menos que uma das novas embarcações armadas com mísseis hipersónicos. Estes mísseis são uma verdadeira ameaça para qualquer frota de porta-aviões americano.

E estão os russos a andar sózinhos por estes mares? É espreitar o que os chineses enviaram em passeio até a África do Sul, onde a fragata com misseis hipersónicos esteve muito recentemente em exercícios.

Chinese naval spy ship Yuan Wang 5 docks in South African port of Durban

A Chinese surveillance ship that can track rocket and spacecraft launches was docked at the eastern port of Durban this week, less than two months after South Africa drew the ire of Western nations by holding naval exercises with China and Russia.

The docking of the vessel may add to fears that South Africa is moving closer to China and Russia, even though the bulk of its to-tal trade is with Western nations. South Africa’s biggest single trading partner is China...

On April 3, the DA criticized a decision to allow Iranian warships to dock in Cape Town...

South Africa has courted criticism from the US and its allies for refusing to condemn Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and holding the naval exercise with several Russian and Chinese vessels off its east coast in February over the first anniversary of the outbreak of the conflict. Pretoria is currently contemplating whether to allow Russian President Vladimir Putin to attend a BRICS bloc summit that it will host in August...

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Parece claro que em função das novas decisões de impacto geopolítico da Arábia Saudita, esta precisa de protecção. E muita, tal são as decisões incómodas para algumas potências...

E que decisões são essas?

Saudi Arabia officially open to non-dollar oil trade

Saudi Arabia, the world’s largest crude oil exporter, is open to discussing oil trade settlements in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, Saudi Minister of Finance, Mohammed Al-Jadaan, told media outlet Bloomberg in Davos on Tuesday...

... During a visit to Saudi Arabia last month, Xi Jinping pledged to ramp up efforts to promote the use of the yuan in energy deals. He proposed at a summit in the Saudi capital that the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries should make full use of the Shanghai Petroleum and Natural Gas Exchange to carry out its trade settlements in yuan.

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Saudi Arabia and Iran agree to reopen embassies during Beijing talks on resumption of diplomatic ties

Saudi Arabia’s and Iran’s Foreign Ministers met in Beijing on Thursday to discuss key details in the resumption of their relations following a landmark agreement mediated by China last month.

In the highest-level meeting between the two sides in more than seven years, Iran’s Hossein Amir-Abdollahian and Saudi Arabia’s Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud signed an agreement to reopen embassies and consulates in their mutual countries, according to Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

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Exclusive: Saudi delegation to hold ceasefire talks with Yemen's Houthis in Sanaa

Saudi and Omani envoys are planning to visit Yemen's capital Sanaa next week to negotiate a permanent ceasefire deal with Iran-aligned Houthi officials and end an eight-year-old conflict there, two people involved in the talks said.

The move signals that regional rifts are easing after rivals Saudi Arabia and Iran agreed to restore relations last month following years of hostility and backing opposite sides in Middle Eastern conflicts, including Yemen.

A permanent ceasefire in Yemen would mark a milestone in stabilising the Middle East.

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As movimentações russas e chineses no Médio Oriente estão a acabar com conflitos, a mudar a moeda usada e uma perda de influência brutal por parte dos EUA.

Se agora temos uma perspectiva do fim da guerra no Yemen, na Síria, continua a existir problemas porque uma grande parte do território está sob controlo americano. E estes conseguem exercer esse controlo porque não saiem do território iraquiano, apesar destes terem dito para que os americanos saíssem do país.

Mas ainda assim, temos mais um problema para os americanos. A normalização/estabilização da Síria está em curso, ficando cada vez mais difícil a posição americana na região.

Diplomatic relations with Syria: Saudi Arabia to invite Assad to Arab leaders summit

Reuters is reporting that Saudi Arabia plans to invite Syrian President Bashar al-Assad to May's Arab League summit in Riyadh. Such an invitation would formally end Syria's regional isolation. Syria's government has been politically shunned for more than a decade because of its role in the nation's brutal civil war. But in the past months there has been increased Arab engagement with the Assad regime. Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan will travel to Damascus in coming weeks to hand Assad a formal invitation to attend the summit scheduled for May 19, two of the sources said. The Saudi government's communication office and the foreign ministries of both countries did not respond to requests for comments. FRANCE 24's International Affairs commentator Douglas Herbert tells us more.

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Estão em curso mudanças gigantescas neste mundo. Russos e chineses têm uma parceria estratégica e oferecem soluções diferentes às que existem actualmente em vigor redigidas/impostas pelos americanos. Estas mudanças estão a notar-se bem no Médio Oriente e continente africano.

Russia shifts to Dubai benchmark in Indian oil deal

Russia's largest oil producer Rosneft (ROSN.MM) and India's top refiner Indian Oil Corp (IOC.NS) agreed to use the Asia-focused Dubai oil price benchmark in their latest deal to deliver Russian oil to India, three sources familiar with the deal said.

The decision by the two state-controlled companies to abandon the Europe-dominated Brent benchmark is part of a shift of Russia's oil sales towards Asia after Europe shunned Russian oil following Russia's invasion of Ukraine more than a year ago.

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As alterações são tantas que é difícil de acompanhar. Mas vou tentar ir registando as que mais me chamam a atenção.

Todas estas mudanças tectónicas vão ter impacto na influência americana, que a cada dia que passa cada vez é mais difícil para eles conter tanta rebeldia.

Infelizmente, nós os europeus estamos a caminho do mesmo destino, ou algo ainda pior. Afinal em última instância os americanos têm energia. Nós, nem isso.

Post anterior:

Guerras Energéticas: O Preço Do Petróleo Russo II

P.S.

As mesas de Macron:

Uma imagem vale por mil palavras. Há pessoas que se querem próximas, há pessoas que se querem distantes.

E a Europa... a Europa anda nas ruas da amargura...